Comparative evaluation of subgingival microbiome in healthy periodontium and gingivitis using next-generation sequencing technology: A case–control study

R Arvinth Vishnu; Swarna Alamelu; KV Arun; P Sujitha; PR Ganesh

doi:10.4103/jisp.jisp_837_20

Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Year : 2022 | Volume : 26 | Issue : 3 | Page : 224-229

Comparative evaluation of subgingival microbiome in healthy periodontium and gingivitis using next-generation sequencing technology: A case–control study

R Arvinth Vishnu¹, Swarna Alamelu², KV Arun², P Sujitha³, PR Ganesh⁴
¹ Department of Periodontology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Dental Sciences, Kanchipuram, India
² Department of Periodontology, Ragas Dental College, Chennai, India
³ Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, India
⁴ Department of Periodontology, Government Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Correspondence Address:
R Arvinth Vishnu
Department of Periodontology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Dental Sciences, G.S.T Road, KarpagaVinayaganagar, Chinna Kolambakkam, Palayanoor Post, Madurantakam Taluk, Kanchipuram - 603 308, Tamil Nadu
India

Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None

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DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_837_20

Background: Human dental plaque is a complex microbial community containing millions of species. Gingivitis is a dysregulated immune-inflammatory response induced by dysbiotic plaque biofilm that interrupts symbiosis. The emergence of next-generation sequencing with 16S rRNA gene has greatly contributed in understanding the complexity of microbiota. However, studies focusing on microbiome in gingivitis are limited. The whole bacterial community is important in causing periodontal disease than a small number of periodontal pathogens. In this study, we attempted to profile the subgingival microbiome from individuals with healthy gingiva and in patients with gingivitis using next-generation sequencing technology. Materials and Methods: Subgingival plaque samples from 15 healthy periodontium (Group I) and 15 gingivitis (Group II) were collected and 16s rRNA sequencing was done in Illumina Solexa Sequencer. Data analysis using 16s metagenomics tool from BaseSpace onsite operational taxonomic units was assigned to each sequence using HOMD database. Individual variation in the microbiome of the subgingival samples between the two groups was also evaluated. Results: The comparison of top 20 species between Group I and Group II revealed no significant species group between them. Synergistetes was absent in Group I samples but found in Group II. At the genus level, HACEK group species were found in both the groups, while Dialister and Aneroglobus were found abundantly in the Group II. Conclusion: The presence of unique genera and species seen in Group II samples could point toward a dysbiotic shift that could be taking place in the subgingival environment leading to gingivitis.

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